During the initial pilot and technology development phases of the project, 44 regions-approximately 1% of the human genome-were targeted for analysis using a variety of experimental and computational methods with the aim of assembling a comprehensive encyclopedia of the functional elements in these regions, showing their identity and precise location. In September 2003, the NHGRI introduced the ENCODE project to facilitate the identification and analysis of the complete set of functional elements in the human genome sequence. Previous Consortium Participants and Projects Those interested in applying for membership to the ENCODE Consortium should review the ENCODE Project criteria for participation and contact the ENCODE program directors at NHGRI, Elise Feingold, Ph.D., Mike Pazin, Ph.D., Daniel Gilchrist, Ph.D, or Stephanie A. The consortium is open to any investigator willing to abide by the criteria for participation established for the ENCODE Project by NHGRI and has brought in additional participants when appropriate. Map of participating investigators and affiliates for ENCODE 4. The ENCODE External Consultants Panel oversees the activities of the Consortium and provides advice and feedback on the Consortium's goals, progress and membership. NHGRI provides a list of current ENCODE projects and participants. The current ENCODE Consortium ( ENCODE 4) is composed primarily of scientists funded under Requests for Application (RFAs) released by NHGRI in 2011. Current ENCODE Consortium Participants and Projects Regulatory elements are typically investigated through DNA hypersensitivity assays, assays of DNA methylation, and immunoprecipitation (IP) of proteins that interact with DNA and RNA, i.e., modified histones, transcription factors, chromatin regulators, and RNA-binding proteins, followed by sequencing. The discovery and annotation of gene elements is accomplished primarily by sequencing a diverse range of RNA sources, comparative genomics, integrative bioinformatic methods, and human curation. The goal of ENCODE is to build a comprehensive parts list of functional elements in the human genome, including elements that act at the protein and RNA levels, and regulatory elements that control cells and circumstances in which a gene is active.ĮNCODE investigators employ a variety of assays and methods to identify functional elements. The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Consortium is an ongoing international collaboration of research groups funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI).
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